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The 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was the sister regiment of the renowned Massachusetts 54th Volunteers during the latter half of the American Civil War, formed because of the overflow of volunteer enlistees to the 54th Massachusetts.
Robert Gould Shaw (October 10, 1837 – July 18, 1863) was an American officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.Born into an abolitionist family from the Boston upper class, he accepted command of the first all-black regiment (the 54th Massachusetts) in the Northeast.
22nd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 23rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 24th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 25th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 26th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 27th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 28th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 29th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; 30th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
His screenplay was based on several sources, including the books Brave Black Regiment - History of the fifty-forth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry (1891) by the 54th's Captain Luis F. Emilio, Lincoln Kirstein's Lay This Laurel (1973), and Peter Burchard's One Gallant Rush (1965), as well as the personal letters of Robert Gould Shaw.
Citation: The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Captain (Infantry) Thomas Foulds Ellsworth, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 30 November 1864, while serving with Company B, 55th Massachusetts Colored Infantry, in action at Honey Hill, South Carolina.
Wild took command of a brigade of black infantry that soon became known as "Wild's African Brigade". The brigade, headquartered in Norfolk, comprised the 55th Massachusetts Infantry, and the 2nd and 3rd North Carolina Colored Volunteers (which later became renumbered as the 36th and 37th U.S. Colored Troops respectively).
In a list of differences between the film and history, it is stated: The 54th was not in fact the only all-black regiment; so many men signed up to enlist that a sister regiment was formed, the 55th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. The other black regiment actually is depicted in the film, in a scene beginning at about the 1 hour, 4 minute ...
The regiment was inactivated on 22 September 1921 at Camp Meade, Maryland and disbanded 31 July 1922, with personnel concurrently transferred to the 34th Infantry Regiment. Reconstituted in the Regular Army as the 55th Armored Infantry and assigned to the 11th Armored Division 9 June 1942.