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In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
A general formula for such cyclic compounds is [HPO 3] x where x = number of phosphoric units in the molecule. When metaphosphoric acids lose their hydrogens as H +, cyclic anions called metaphosphates are formed. An example of a compound with such an anion is sodium hexametaphosphate (Na 6 P 6 O 18), used as a sequestrant and a food additive.
The most prevalent compounds of phosphorus are derivatives of phosphate (PO 4 3−), a tetrahedral anion. [44] Phosphate is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid, which is produced on a massive scale for use in fertilisers. Being triprotic, phosphoric acid converts stepwise to three conjugate bases:
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Sodium hydrogen phosphate Trisodium phosphate. A sodium phosphate is a generic variety of salts of sodium (Na +) and phosphate (PO 3− 4). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms ...
Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics, fungicides, ceramics, water treatment and metallurgy. The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their phosphate content.
A phosphate phosphite is a chemical compound or salt that contains phosphate and phosphite anions (PO 3 3-and PO 4 3-). These are mixed anion compounds or mixed valence compounds. Some have third anions. Phosphate phosphites frequently occur as metal organic framework (MOF) compounds which are of research interest for gas storage, detection or ...
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The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide. Example: sodium chloride, potassium oxide , or calcium carbonate . When the metal has more than one possible ionic charge or oxidation number the name becomes ambiguous .