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In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Branched polyphosphoric acids give similarly branched polyphosphate anions. The simplest example of this is triphosphono phosphate [OP(OPO 3) 3] 9− and its partially dissociated versions. The general formula for such (non-cyclic) polyphosphate anions, linear or branched, is [H n+2−k P n O 3n+1] k−, where the charge k may vary from 1 to n + 2.
The most prevalent compounds of phosphorus are derivatives of phosphate (PO 4 3−), a tetrahedral anion. [44] Phosphate is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid, which is produced on a massive scale for use in fertilisers. Being triprotic, phosphoric acid converts stepwise to three conjugate bases:
Phosphate is an inorganic anion of phosphoric acid OP(OH) 3. There are also organophosphorus compounds with the formula OP(OR) 3. Subcategories.
They are anions HP(O) 2 OH −. A typical derivative is the salt [NH 4][HP(O) 2 OH]. [7] [6] Many related salts are known, e.g., RbHPHO 3, CsHPHO 3, TlHPHO 3. These salts are prepared by treating phosphorous acid with the metal carbonate. These compounds contain a layer polymeric anion consisting of HPO 3 tetrahedra linked by hydrogen bonds ...
The dihydrogen phosphate anion consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by 2 equivalent oxygen atoms and 2 hydroxy groups in a tetrahedral arrangement. [3] Dihydrogen phosphate can be identified as an anion, an ion with an overall negative charge, with dihydrogen phosphates being a negative 1 charge. [3]
Hexafluorophosphate is an anion with chemical formula of [PF 6] −. It is an octahedral species that imparts no color to its salts. [PF 6] − is isoelectronic with sulfur hexafluoride, SF 6, and the hexafluorosilicate dianion, [SiF 6] 2−, and hexafluoroantimonate [SbF 6] −. In this anion, phosphorus has a valence of 5.
The anion has an ethane-like structure and contains a P−P bond. The formal oxidation state of phosphorus is +4. The oxygen analogue is the hypodiphosphate anion, P 2 O 4− 6. P 3 S 3− 9 contains a six-membered P 3 S 3 ring. The ammonium salt is produced by reaction of P 4 S 10 in liquid ammonia. [13]