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Superficial deposits (or surficial deposits [1]) refer to geological deposits typically of Quaternary age (less than 2.6 million years old) for the Earth. These geologically recent unconsolidated sediments may include stream channel and floodplain deposits, beach sands, talus gravels and glacial drift and moraine .
Almost entirely covered by more recent superficial deposits, they are exposed at the surface to a very limited extent or else are known from boreholes or quarry workings. Overlying these across much the larger part of the Broads are silts and clays of Flandrian age, which together with peat deposits form the broad flats of the Waveney , Yare ...
Superficial deposit maps (previously known as solid and drift maps) show both bedrock and the deposits on top of it. Bedrock maps (previously known as solid maps) show the underlying rock, without superficial deposits. The maps are superimposed over a topographic map base produced by Ordnance Survey (OS), and use symbols to represent fault ...
Although "drift" strictly refers to glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits, the term on geological maps has traditionally included other materials including alluvium, river terraces, etc. Recent maps use the terms "bedrock" and "superficial" in place of "solid" and "drift".
The Great Britain Superficial Deposits Supergroup is a Neogene to Quaternary lithostratigraphic supergroup (a sequence of rock strata or other definable geological units) present across Great Britain and the Isle of Man.
The British Geological Survey map numerous residual deposits across the upper surfaces of the South Downs, derived from the solution, decalcification and cryoturbation of the underlying bedrock. Referred to as the Clay-with-flints Formation, the deposit also contains sand and silt in places.
They are a mix of sands, gravels, silts, clays and peat and, north of a line between the Ribble and Tyne, include glacio-eustatically raised deposits. They lie unconformably on deposits of variously the Britannia Catchments Group (with which they also interfinger), Albion Glacigenic Group , Caledonia Glacigenic Group , Dunwich Group , Crag ...
These are overlain by a variety of superficial deposits. There are few rock exposures beyond limited outcrops in the banks of streams, the faces of working and abandoned gravel pits, and some low coastal cliffs. However, temporary exposures during construction works and boreholes have added to earth scientists’ understanding of the area.