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A parallel projection is a particular case of projection in mathematics and graphical projection in technical drawing. Parallel projections can be seen as the limit of a central or perspective projection, in which the rays pass through a fixed point called the center or viewpoint, as this point is moved towards
Projection Image Type Properties Creator Notes c. 120: Equirectangular = equidistant cylindrical = rectangular = la carte parallélogrammatique: Cylindrical Equidistant Marinus of Tyre: Simplest geometry; distances along meridians are conserved. Plate carrée: special case having the equator as the standard parallel. 1745 Cassini = Cassini ...
Parallel projection corresponds to a perspective projection with a hypothetical viewpoint; i.e. one where the camera lies an infinite distance away from the object and has an infinite focal length, or "zoom". In parallel projection, the lines of sight from the object to the projection plane are parallel to each other. Thus, lines that are ...
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
The foreshortening factor (1/2 in this example) is inversely proportional to the tangent of the angle (63.43° in this example) between the projection plane (colored brown) and the projection lines (dotted). Front view of the same. Oblique projection is a type of parallel projection: it projects an image by intersecting parallel rays (projectors)
If these lines are a parallel of latitude, as in conical projections, it is called a standard parallel. The central meridian is the meridian to which the globe is rotated before projecting. The central meridian (usually written λ 0 ) and a parallel of origin (usually written φ 0 ) are often used to define the origin of the map projection.
The vector projection (also known as the vector component or vector resolution) of a vector a on (or onto) a nonzero vector b is the orthogonal projection of a onto a straight line parallel to b. The projection of a onto b is often written as proj b a {\displaystyle \operatorname {proj} _{\mathbf {b} }\mathbf {a} } or a ∥ b .
Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Lambert Conformal Conic Projection This document from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey describes the State Plane Coordinate System of 1983, including details on the equations used to perform ...