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Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Wiggers diagram with mechanical (echo), electrical (ECG), and aortic pressure (catheter) waveforms, together with an in-ear dynamic pressure waveform measured using a novel infrasonic hemodynography technology, for a patient with severe aortic stenosis. Modified from [3]
Patients with aortic regurgitation will have an early decrescendo diastolic murmur, caused by the blood flowing back through the valve. Since blood’s leaking back from the aorta into the left ventricle, the left ventricular blood volume increases which increases the stroke volume or the amount that the left ventricle pumps out during ...
In aortic regurgitation, the aortic valve insufficiency results in the backward flow of blood (regurgitation) that is ejected during systole, and its return to the left ventricle during diastole. This increases the systolic blood pressure, and decreases the diastolic blood pressure, leading to a widened pulse pressure. [9] [3]
Mayne's sign is a clinical sign that indicates that there is a drop of at least 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa) in the diastolic blood pressure on raising the arm. It occurs in patients with aortic regurgitation [1] though shouldn't be considered a reliable finding. [2]
Abrupt loss of function of the aortic valve results in acute aortic regurgitation (also known as acute aortic insufficiency) and loss in the normal diastolic blood pressure resulting in a wide pulse pressure and bounding pulses. The endocardium perfuses during diastole and so acute aortic regurgitation can reduce perfusion of the heart.
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