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Date: 28 October 2021: Source: Own work based on "Tibeto-Burman vs Indo-Chinese" in Sagart, Laurent; Blench, Roger; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia (eds.). The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics.
NE Indian languages and NE Indian languages and the origin of Sino the origin of Sino-Tibetan (2010). p. 20. Map in background: File:East_Asia_topographic_map.png by Ksiom . Author
Sino-Tibetan (also referred to as Trans-Himalayan) [1] [2] is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. [3] Around 1.4 billion people speak a Sino-Tibetan language. [4]
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
Afrikaans; Alemannisch; Anarâškielâ; Ænglisc; العربية; Aragonés; Asturianu; Azərbaycanca; বাংলা; 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú; Башҡортса
Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology [2] to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. [3] [4] [5]
Standard Tibetan and most other Tibetic languages are written in the Tibetan script with a historically conservative orthography (see below) that helps unify the Tibetan-language area. Some other Tibetan languages (in India and Nepal) are written in the related Devanagari script, which is also used to write Hindi, Nepali and
Only some of these languages are highly indebted to Literary Chinese and thus relevant to the East Asian cultural sphere. Sino-Tibetan: spoken mainly in China, Singapore, Myanmar, Christmas Island, Bhutan, northeast India, Kashmir, and parts of Nepal. Major Sino-Tibetan languages include the varieties of Chinese, the Tibetic languages, and Burmese.