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Peter III, Emperor of Russia: The Story of a Crisis and a Crime. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1902. Dull, Jonathon R. The French Navy and the Seven Years War. University of Nebraska, 2005. Leonard, Carol S. "The Reputation of Peter III." Russian Review 47.3 (1988): 263–292 online. Leonard, Carol S. Reform and Regicide: The Reign of Peter III ...
The numbers are based upon the sortable list below, which includes further details and references. Note that the holders of certain official positions have been referred to as "czars" for only part of the time those positions have existed. For example, there has been an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health since the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, but the ...
Czar, sometimes spelled tsar, is an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom, typically granted broad power to address a particular issue. The title is usually treated as gender-neutral, though the technically correct Russian term for a female title holder would be czarina .
Peter the Great changed his title from tsar to emperor in order to secure Russia's position in the European states system. [137] While later rulers did not discard the new title, the Russian monarch was commonly known as the tsar or tsaritsa until the imperial system was abolished during the February Revolution of 1917.
The popular mythology of Peter III linked Pugachev with the Emancipation Manifesto of 1762 and the serf's expectations of further liberalizations had he continued as ruler. Pugachev offered freedom from the poll tax and the recruit-levy, which made him appear to follow in the same vein as the emperor he was impersonating.
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Together with his brother Grigory, Alexei Orlov became involved in the palace coup to overthrow Tsar Peter III and place his wife, Catherine, on the Russian throne.In the coup, carried out in July 1762, Alexei went to meet Catherine at the Peterhof Palace, and finding her in bed, announced 'the time has come for you to reign, madame.' [6] [8] He then drove her to St Petersburg, where the ...
Territories conquered by the Russian Empire in the wars against Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ottoman Empire and Persia. Geographical expansion by warfare and treaty was the central strategy of Russian foreign policy from the small Muscovite state of the 16th century to World War I in 1914. [2]