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Thus the optimum rate of twist for this bullet should be approximately 12 inches per turn. The typical twist of .30-06 caliber rifle barrels is 10 inches per turn, accommodating heavier bullets than in this example. A different twist rate often helps explain why some bullets work better in certain rifles when fired under similar conditions.
Rifling is measured in twist rate, the distance the rifling takes to complete one full revolution, expressed as a ratio with 1 as its base (e.g., 1:10 inches (25.4 cm)). A shorter distance/lower ratio indicates a faster twist, generating a higher spin rate (and greater projectile stability).
Common rifling twist rates also often have to be tightened to stabilize very long projectiles. Such commercially nonexistent cartridges are termed "wildcats". The use of a wildcat-based (ultra) long-range cartridge demands the use of a custom or customized rifle with an appropriately cut chamber and a fast-twist bore.
The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 305 mm (1 in 12 in), 4 grooves, Ø lands = 7.62 mm, ... (1 in 10 in) twist rate is also commonly applied.
The 7×64mm offers very good penetrating ability due to a fast twist rate that enables it to fire long, heavy bullets with a high sectional density. The 7×64mm's rimmed sister cartridge, the 7×65mmR, is also very popular in Central Europe for the same reasons as the 7×64mm.
7.62mm Thumper is a barrel specification optimized to run larger bullets out of standard 7.62×39mm cases. [1] Barrels are cut to a standard 7.62×39mm "Russian" chamber but the bore ideally uses a faster 1:8" rifling twist rate in order to stabilize bullets heavier than 200gr at subsonic speeds. [2]
If the rifling is a constant twist, then the rifling rides in the grooves engraved in the bullet, and everything is secure and sealed. If the rifling has a decreasing twist, then the changing angle of the rifling in the engraved grooves of the bullet causes the rifling to become narrower than the grooves.
To obtain maximum accuracy, bullet weight and form are matched to the rifling twist rate of the barrel. Typically, 68 gr (4.41 g) bullets are used in barrels with twist rates of 1 in 13 inch (1 in 330 mm), while 1 in 15 inch (1 in 380 mm) barrel twists can accommodate lighter 58 or 60 gr (3.76 or 3.89 g) accurately.