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Specific phobias affect about 6–8% of people in the Western world and 2–4% in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in a given year. [1] Social phobia affects about 7% of people in the United States and 0.5–2.5% of people in the rest of the world. [6] Agoraphobia affects about 1.7% of people. [6] Women are affected by phobias about twice as ...
The main behavioral sign of a specific phobia is avoidance. [5] The fear or anxiety associated with specific phobia can also manifest in physical symptoms such as an increased heart rate, shortness of breath, muscle tension, sweating, or a desire to escape the situation. [6]
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, "fear") occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g ...
Flooding, sometimes referred to as in vivo exposure therapy, is a form of behavior therapy and desensitization – or exposure therapy – based on the principles of respondent conditioning. As a psychotherapeutic technique, it is used to treat phobia and anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder.
It has been observed that fear can contribute to behavioral changes. [2] One way this phenomenon has been studied is on the basis of the repeated stress model done by Camp RM et al.(among others). In this particular study, it was examined that the contribution fear conditioning may play a huge role in altering an animal's (Fischer rat's ...
Protection motivation theory was developed by R.W. Rogers in 1975 in order to better understand fear appeals and how people cope with them. [1] However, Dr. Rogers would later expand on the theory in 1983 to a more general theory of persuasive communication.
Specific social phobia may be classified into performance fears and interaction fears, i.e., fears of acting in a social setting and interacting with other people, respectively. The cause of social phobia is not definite. [2] Symptoms of social phobia can occur in late adolescence when youths highly value the impressions they give off to their ...
The theory distinguishes between fear and anxiety, and links reinforcement processes to personality. Behavioral activation system (BAS) Proposed to facilitate reactions to all appetitive/rewarding stimuli and regulates approach behavior. [26] Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)