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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
The two main categories of visual agnosia are: Apperceptive visual agnosia, impaired object recognition. Individuals with apperceptive visual agnosia cannot form a whole percept of visual information. [15] Associative visual agnosia, impaired object identification. Individuals with associative agnosia cannot give a meaning to a formed percept.
This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes H53-H54 within Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa should be included in this category.
CVI is also sometimes known as cortical blindness, although most people with CVI are not totally blind. The term neurological visual impairment (NVI) covers both CVI and total cortical blindness. Delayed visual maturation, another form of NVI, is similar to CVI, except the child's visual difficulties resolve in a few months.
Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain's occipital cortex. [1] Cortical blindness can be acquired or congenital, and may also be transient in certain instances. [ 2 ]
The term corneal blindness is commonly used to describe blindness due to corneal opacity. Keratoplasty also known as corneal transplantation is the main treatment option for visual improvement in corneal opacity. Other treatments which may improve visual outcome includes optical iridectomy, phototherapeutic keratectomy and keratoprosthesises.
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There are three clinical categories of hyperopia. [3] Simple hyperopia: Occurs naturally due to biological diversity. Pathological hyperopia: Caused by disease, trauma, or abnormal development. Functional hyperopia: Caused by paralysis that interferes eye's ability to accommodate.