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Crushed stone or angular rock is a form of construction aggregate, typically produced by mining a suitable rock deposit and breaking the removed rock down to the desired size using crushers. It is distinct from naturally occurring gravel , which is produced by natural processes of weathering and erosion and typically has a more rounded shape.
It is widely used as a surfacing for roads and driveways, sometimes with tar applied over it. Crushed stone may be made from granite, limestone, dolomite, and other rocks. Also known as "crusher run", DGA (dense grade aggregate) QP (quarry process), and shoulder stone. [30] Crushed stone is distinguished from gravel by the U.S. Geological ...
Aggregate base (AB) is typically a mix of different sizes of crushed rock 20 mm or 3 ⁄ 4 in Aggregate Base, Class 2, is used in roadways and consists of rock particles of size 20 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in) and less. An aggregate is normally made from newly quarried rock, or it is sometimes allowed to be made from recycled asphalt concrete and/or ...
The gravel used consists of varying amount of crushed stone, sand, and fines. Fines are silt or clay particles smaller than .075 millimetres (0.0030 in), which can act as a binder. Crushed stone, also called road metal, is used because gravel with fractured faces will stay in place better than rounded river pebbles.
In Europe, sizing ranges are specified as d/D, where the d shows the smallest and D shows the largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass. Application-specific preferred sizings are covered in European Standard EN 13043 for road construction, EN 13383 for larger armour stone, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction, and EN 13450 for railway ...
In the UK, the specification for aggregate used as a subbase in the construction of driveways and roads includes MOT Type 1 Stone. The thickness of subbase can range from 75 to 100 mm (3 to 4 in) for garden paths through 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in) for driveways and public footpaths, to 150 to 225 mm (6 to 9 in) for heavy used roads, and more for ...