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Cultures of indigenous peoples in Bolivia developed in the high altitude settings of altiplano with low oxygen levels, poor soils and extreme weather patterns. The better-suited lowlands were sparsely inhabited by hunter-gatherer societies while much of the pre-Columbian population was concentrated in altiplano valleys of Cochabamba and Chuquisaca.
Bolivia, [c] officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, [d] is a landlocked country located in central South America.The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, warm valleys, high-altitude Andean plateaus, and snow-capped peaks, encompassing a wide range of climates and biomes across its regions and cities.
An enlargeable map of Bolivia. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bolivia: Bolivia – landlocked sovereign country located in central South America. It is bordered on the north and the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Paraguay, on the south by Argentina, and on the west by Chile and Peru. [1]
Situated in Western Bolivia, the Tiwanaku empires' capital city also named Tiwanaku has been dated to as early as 1200 BC, where it originated as a small agricultural village. [4] In around 400 AD the Tiwanaku empire began its expansion, appropriating the Yungas and establishing contacts with other cultures in Peru, Bolivia and Chile.
Santa Cruz, the largest city in the lowlands, is located here, as are most of Bolivia's petroleum and natural gas reserves. The southeastern part of the lowlands is part of the Gran Chaco. Virtually rainless for nine months of the year, this area becomes flooded for the three months of heavy rains. The extreme variation in rainfall supports ...
Having lost its entire coastal territory, Bolivia withdrew from the war, while the war between Chile and Peru continued for three more years. Bolivia officially ceded the coastal territory to Chile only twenty-four years later, under the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship. [6] The War of the Pacific was a turning point in Bolivian history.
Sovereign access to the Pacific would bring Bolivia significant economic benefits.
The Chileans entered the country at the coast for the salitre and the guano (Nitrate-rich bird dung). The result of this brutal war was the loss of Bolivia's coast land to Chile. 1898 La Paz becomes de facto Bolivia's new administrative capital and the seat of the government, thus starting the process of development into the large city it is today.