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The Contributor Roles Ontology is an extension of the CRediT taxonomy into more specific roles. [30] An extension for clinical trials (CRediT-RCT) has been proposed. [31] Other taxonomies have been created that may be more suitable to other fields, such as the Taxonomy of Digital Research Activities in the Humanities (TaDiRAH). [32]
Known as CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), this is an example of a flat, non-hierarchical taxonomy; however, it does include an optional, broad classification of the degree of contribution: lead, equal or supporting. Amy Brand and co-authors summarise their intended outcome as:
From the late 17th century to the 1920s, sole authorship was the norm, and the one-paper-one-author model worked well for distributing credit. [15] Today, shared authorship is common in most academic disciplines, [ 16 ] [ 17 ] with the exception of the humanities, where sole authorship is still the predominant model.
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In taxonomy, an author citation refers to the person or group of people who validly published a taxon. The rules and formats of author citations vary in each discipline: Author citation (botany) Author citation (zoology) More generally, "author citation" may also refer to author-date referencing, a type of parenthetical referencing
Either way, a literature review provides the researcher/author and the audiences with general information of an existing knowledge of a particular topic. A good literature review has a proper research question, a proper theoretical framework, and/or a chosen research methodology .
In academic publishing, the lead author or first author is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit. Academic authorship standards vary widely across disciplines. In many academic subjects, including the natural sciences, computer science and electrical engineering, the lead author of a research article is ...
Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals, developed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. It was first introduced in the publication Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals .