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[2] In 1981, the crane-independent formwork system for walls and slabs was marketed. In 1982, MEVA's Mammut wall formwork system was a heavy-duty system with a load capacity of 97 kN/m 2. In 1989, MEVA developed the aluminium wall formwork system. In 2000, MEVA created an all-plastic facing design. [3]
[6] [7] [8] In this process the material for the core and face sheet is the same. The third way to achieve in-situ bonding consists of compaction of metal powders together with face sheets. This sandwich-compact assembly goes through several rolling steps to attain desired precursor and face sheet thickness.
This is a list of building materials. Many types of building materials are used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures . These categories of materials and products are used by architects and construction project managers to specify the materials and methods used for building projects .
In 1868 [2] Stefan Hopferwieser [3] founded the company St. & A. Hopferwieser as a carpenter in the town of Kollmitzberg. During the first 80 years of the company, the company had diversified into carpentry, sawmill wood and metal manufacturing, producing among others furniture, home appliances, metal hardware and packaging.
Formwork is molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast or cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering molds. In specialty applications formwork may be permanently incorporated into the final structure, adding insulation or helping reinforce the finished structure.
[2] [3] BSD is a software firm that is a leading developer of commercial master specifications and construction cost estimating software. BSD is involved in the development and maintenance of several of CSI format documents including MasterFormat , UniFormat , and OmniClass , all of which relate to specifications and cost estimating.
It expanded rapidly in formwork and scaffolding under GKN ownership in the end of the 1980s. [2] In June 2000, GKN Kwikform merged with RMD (Rapid Metal Developments, established in 1948), the formwork and scaffolding unit of RM Douglas (part of Tilbury Douglas), to form RMD Kwikform. [3] [1] Tilbury Douglas renamed itself Interserve in 2001. [4]
Typical R-values are given for various materials and structures as approximations based on the average of available figures and are sorted by lowest value. R-value at 1 m gives R-values normalised to a 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) thickness and sorts by median value of the range.