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During the Japanese occupation of the islands in World War II, there was an extensive Philippine resistance movement (Filipino: Kilusan ng Paglaban sa Pilipinas), which opposed the Japanese and their collaborators with active underground and guerrilla activity that increased over the years.
Nieves Fernandez (born circa 1906) was a Filipino guerrilla leader in Tacloban City, during World War II. [2] [3]Before the war, Fernandez worked as a school teacher. When the Imperial Japanese began occupying the Philippine Islands, including her hometown of Tacloban, Fernandez organized a resistance movement that numbered around 110 fighters. [4]
Around 5,550 Japanese were killed during the fighting, while the Americal Division lost 410 men killed and 1,700 wounded; a further 8,000 U.S. troops became sick during the battle. [4] The Filipino forces under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary lost about 3,600 killed and 6,200 wounded.
World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia (Military History of the United States) by S. Sandler (2000) Routledge ISBN 0-8153-1883-9; By sword and fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, 3 February – 3 March 1945 (Unknown Binding) by Alphonso J. Aluit (1994) National Commission for Culture and the Arts ISBN 971-8521-10-0
A Reckoning: Philippine Trials of Japanese War Criminals. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299318604. Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-military Study. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313313950. Sandler, Stanley (2001). World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780815318835.
Manila during the Japanese occupation. The Japanese occupation of the Philippines (Filipino: Pananakop ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas; Japanese: 日本のフィリピン占領, romanized: Nihon no Firipin Senryō) occurred between 1942 and 1945, when the Japanese Empire occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II.
At the outbreak of World War II in the Philippines and the capture of Manila, top-ranking leaders of the PKP were captured by the Japanese military. Crisanto Evangelista, its founder, was among those who were captured and executed in 1942. Abad Santos was similarly captured but was released in 1943.
Wounded Japanese troops surrender to US and Filipino soldiers in Manila, 1945. The military history of the Philippines is characterized by wars between Philippine kingdoms [1] and its neighbors in the precolonial era and then a period of struggle against colonial powers such as Spain and the United States, occupation by the Empire of Japan during World War II and participation in Asian ...