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Candida tropicalis is a species of yeast in the genus Candida. It is a common pathogen in neutropenic hosts, in whom it may spread through the bloodstream to peripheral organs. [ 1 ] For invasive disease, treatments include amphotericin B , echinocandins , or extended-spectrum triazole antifungals .
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast [5] that is a common member of the human gut flora. It can also survive outside the human body. It can also survive outside the human body. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40–60% of healthy adults.
The mechanism the human immune system has is normally to fight an infection (like Candida). Initially, Th17 cells are made by the immune system, which in turn produces interleukin-17 (IL-17). This induces inflammation and white blood cells confront infection. [9] Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis mutations affect IL-17 by inhibiting its pathway.
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
The exact process by which Candida species switch from acting as normal oral commensals (saprophytic) state in the carrier to acting as a pathogenic organism (parasitic state) is not completely understood. [6] Several Candida species are polymorphogenic, [18] that is, capable of growing in different forms depending on the environmental conditions.
Candida albicans is found as a spherical or oval budding yeast. It is associated with endocarditis in people who inject drugs, patients with prosthetic valves, and immunocompromised patients. It forms biofilms around thick-walled resting structures like prosthetic heart valves and additionally colonizes and penetrates endothelial walls. [25]