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  2. Meissner effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

    The samples, in the presence of an applied magnetic field, were cooled below their superconducting transition temperature, whereupon the samples cancelled nearly all interior magnetic fields. They detected this effect only indirectly because the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor: when the interior field decreases, the exterior ...

  3. Magnetic Thermodynamic Systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_Thermodynamic_Systems

    Assuming the external magnetic field is uniform and shares a common axis with the paramagnet, the extensive parameter characterizing the magnetic state is , the magnetic dipole moment of the system. The fundamental thermodynamic relation describing the system will then be of the form U = U ( S , V , I , N ) {\displaystyle U=U(S,V,I,N)} .

  4. Type-II superconductor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-II_superconductor

    Superconductive behavior under varying magnetic field and temperature. The graph shows magnetic flux B as a function of absolute temperature T. Critical magnetic flux densities B C1 and B C2 and the critical temperature T C are labeled. In the lower region of this graph, both type-I and type-II superconductors display the Meissner effect (a). A ...

  5. Curie's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie's_law

    is the magnitude of the applied magnetic field (A/m), is absolute temperature , is a material-specific Curie constant (K). Pierre Curie discovered this relation, now known as Curie's law, by fitting data from experiment. It only holds for high temperatures and weak magnetic fields.

  6. Earth's magnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field

    A magnetic field is a vector field, but if it is expressed in Cartesian components X, Y, Z, each component is the derivative of the same scalar function called the magnetic potential. Analyses of the Earth's magnetic field use a modified version of the usual spherical harmonics that differ by a multiplicative factor.

  7. Thermomagnetic convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermomagnetic_convection

    Ferrofluids can be used to transfer heat, since heat and mass transport in such magnetic fluids can be controlled using an external magnetic field.. B. A. Finlayson first explained in 1970 (in his paper "Convective instability of ferromagnetic fluids", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 40:753-767) how an external magnetic field imposed on a ferrofluid with varying magnetic susceptibility, e.g., due ...

  8. Curie temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_temperature

    Ferromagnetic materials are magnetic in the absence of an applied magnetic field. When a magnetic field is absent the material has spontaneous magnetization which is a result of the ordered magnetic moments; that is, for ferromagnetism, the atoms are symmetrical and aligned in the same direction creating a permanent magnetic field.

  9. Dynamo theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory

    By experimentally applying a certain velocity field to a small magnetic field, one can observe whether the magnetic field tends to grow (or not) in response to the applied flow. If the magnetic field does grow, then the system is either capable of dynamo action or is a dynamo, but if the magnetic field does not grow, then it is simply referred ...

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