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A horizontal gaze palsy is a subtype of gaze palsy in which conjugate, horizontal eye movements are limited by neurologic deficits. Horizontal gaze palsies typically result from an ipsilateral pontine lesion or a contralateral frontal lobe lesion.
The location of the lesion determines the type of palsy. Nonselective horizontal gaze palsies are caused by lesions in the Abducens nucleus.This is where the cranial nerve VI leaves on its way to the Lateral rectus muscle, which controls eye movement horizontally away from the midline of the body.
More formally, it is characterized by "a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction and an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other". [1] [2] Nystagmus is also present when the eye on the opposite side of the lesion is abducted. Convergence is classically spared as cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) and its nucleus is spared bilaterally.
The diagnostic criteria for Athabaskan brainstem dysgenesis syndrome include: [1] Verification of sensorineural deafness by brainstem auditory evoked responses. [1]Upon conjugate lateral gazing, there is horizontal gaze palsy; however, the medial gaze remains intact with convergence.
This produces ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy and facial nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. [ citation needed ] Diagnosis
Destructive lesions of the PPRF cause ipsilateral horizontal conjugate gaze palsy and mostly impair ipsilateral horizontal saccades, however, other horizontal and vertical eye movements may also be affected as the PPRF contains multiple distinct populations of neurons important in saccade generation, as well as being traversed by nerve fibers ...
“[The sodium element] is an important distinction, because if it’s just water, it can lead to a condition called hyponatremia, where the level of sodium in the blood is significantly lower ...
Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for causing contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye. [1]