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  2. Aquatic ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem

    An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. [1]

  3. Marine ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_ecosystem

    Humans often aggregate near coastal habitats to take advantage of ecosystem services. For example, coastal capture fisheries from mangroves and coral reef habitats are estimated to be worth a minimum of $34 billion per year. [64] Yet, many of these habitats are either marginally protected or not protected.

  4. Ocean surface ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_surface_ecosystem

    The ocean's surface is hit hard by anthropogenic change, and the surface ecosystem is likely already dramatically different from even a few hundred years ago. For example, prior to widespread damming, logging, and industrialisation, more wood may have entered the open ocean, [14] while plastic had not yet been invented. And because floating ...

  5. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.

  6. Freshwater ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater_ecosystem

    Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients, and vegetation. There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems: lentic (slow moving water, including pools , ponds , and lakess ), lotic (faster moving streams , for example creeks and rivers ) and wetlands ( semi-aquatic areas ...

  7. Habitat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat

    The physical factors may include (for example): soil, moisture, range of temperature, and light intensity. Biotic factors include the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators. Every species has particular habitat requirements, habitat generalist species are able to thrive in a wide array of environmental conditions while ...

  8. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.

  9. Biotic index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotic_index

    A biotic index is a scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types and abundances of organisms present in a representative sample of the environment. It is often used to assess the quality of water in marine and freshwater ecosystems.