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A forming limit diagram, also known as a forming limit curve, is used in sheet metal forming for predicting forming behavior of sheet metal. [1] [2] The diagram attempts to provide a graphical description of material failure tests, such as a punched dome test. In order to determine whether a given region has failed, a mechanical test is performed.
In most of the world, sheet metal thickness is consistently specified in millimeters. In the U.S., the thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its gauge. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. Commonly used steel sheet metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 7 gauge.
In bottoming, the sheet is forced against the V opening in the bottom tool. U-shaped openings cannot be used. Space is left between the sheet and the bottom of the V opening. The optimum width of the V opening is 6 T (T stands for material thickness) for sheets about 3 mm thick, up to about 12 T for 12 mm thick sheets.
One benefit of clinching is the capability to join prepainted sheet metal commonly used in the appliance industry without damaging the painted surface. Clinching is an important means of fastening aluminum panels, such as hoods and decklids, in the automotive industry, due to the difficulty of spot welding of aluminum. [1]
Drawing is a manufacturing process that uses tensile forces to elongate metal, glass, or plastic. As the material is drawn (pulled), it stretches and becomes thinner, achieving a desired shape and thickness. Drawing is classified into two types: sheet metal drawing and wire, bar, and tube drawing.
ASTM B209: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate; ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes; ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
During an extrusion process it is essential to consider the surface finish of exposed product surfaces. As a general rule, the narrower an exposed surface, the more uniform its finish becomes. Webs, flanges and abrupt changes in metal thickness may show up as marks on the opposite surface of an extrusion, particularly on thin sections. The ...
Blanking is the operation of cutting flat shapes from sheet metal. The outer area of metal remaining after a blanking operation is generally discarded as waste. Size of blank or product is the size of the die & clearance is given on punch. It is a metal cutting operation. In blanking, metal obtained after cutting is not a scrap if it is usable.