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The Warsaw Pact (WP), [d] formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), [e] was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
Of the territories and members added between 1990 and 2024, all except for Finland and Sweden were either formerly part of the Warsaw Pact (including the formerly Soviet Baltic states) or territories of the former Yugoslavia. No countries have left NATO since its founding.
With several countries threatening to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet military relinquished control of the organization in March 1991, allowing it to be formally dissolved that July. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The so-called " parade of sovereignties " declared by republics in the Baltic and Caucasus regions of the Soviet Union and their War of ...
During the Cold War, most of Europe was divided between two alliances. Members of NATO are shown in blue, with members of the Warsaw Pact in red and unaffiliated countries are in grey. Yugoslavia, although communist, had left the Soviet sphere in 1948, and Albania was a Warsaw Pact member-only until 1968.
Treaty of Warsaw (1955), also known as the Warsaw Pact; Treaty of Warsaw (1970), agreement between West Germany and the People's Republic of Poland, re-establishing and normalizing bilateral relations, and provisionally recognizing Poland's western border; Treaty of Warsaw (1990), Polish–German border agreement finalizing the Oder–Neisse line
The members of the Warsaw Pact, sometimes called the Eastern Bloc, were widely viewed as Soviet satellite states. These countries were occupied (or formerly occupied) by the Red Army, and their politics, military, foreign and domestic policies were dominated by the Soviet Union. The Warsaw Pact included the following states: [36] [37]
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Poland has possessed Soviet nuclear weapons. Formerly, Poland was part of the Warsaw Pact. This meant that the Polish People's Army was equipped with aircraft (such as MiG-21, Su-7 and Su-22), as well as short range ballistic missiles (such as R-300 Elbrus, 9K52 Luna-M and OTR-21 Tochka) that could be used to deliver Soviet nuclear weapons.