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For example, SHA-256 operates on 512-bit blocks. The size of the output of HMAC is the same as that of the underlying hash function (e.g., 256 and 512 bits in the case of SHA-256 and SHA3-512, respectively), although it can be truncated if desired. HMAC does not encrypt the message.
FIPS PUB 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) [14] NIST SP800-185 SHA-3 Derived Functions: cSHAKE, KMAC, TupleHash, and ParallelHash [15] ISO/IEC 9797-1 Mechanisms using a block cipher [16] ISO/IEC 9797-2 Mechanisms using a dedicated hash-function [17] ISO/IEC 9797-3 Mechanisms using a universal hash-function [18]
A Kerberos standard in 2005 recommended 4,096 iterations; [1] Apple reportedly used 2,000 for iOS 3, and 10,000 for iOS 4; [4] while LastPass in 2011 used 5,000 iterations for JavaScript clients and 100,000 iterations for server-side hashing. [5] In 2023, OWASP recommended to use 600,000 iterations for PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 and 210,000 for PBKDF2 ...
Identifies which algorithm is used to generate the signature. In the below example, HS256 indicates that this token is signed using HMAC-SHA256. Typical cryptographic algorithms used are HMAC with SHA-256 (HS256) and RSA signature with SHA-256 (RS256). JWA (JSON Web Algorithms) RFC 7518 introduces many more for both authentication and encryption.
HKDF is a simple key derivation function (KDF) based on the HMAC message authentication code. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was initially proposed by its authors as a building block in various protocols and applications, as well as to discourage the proliferation of multiple KDF mechanisms. [ 2 ]
As an extension of the HMAC-based one-time password algorithm (HOTP), it has been adopted as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 6238. [ 1 ] TOTP is the cornerstone of Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH) and is used in a number of two-factor authentication [ 1 ] (2FA) systems.
SHA-256: 256 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-384: 384 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-512: 512 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-3 (subset of Keccak) arbitrary sponge function: Skein: arbitrary Unique Block Iteration: Snefru: 128 or 256 bits hash Spectral Hash: 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction Streebog ...
The template seed is a site-specific secret in binary form, generated from the master key, the site name and the counter using the HMAC-SHA256 algorithm. It is later converted to a character string using the password templates. The template seed makes every password unique to the website and to the user.