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Quotaism [1] [2] [3] is the concept of organizing society by a quota system, whether by racial, gender, language or another demographic attribute. Examples of quotas include gender quotas, racial quota, and reservations. The basic premise is to have demographics represented at all levels and aspects of the civilization according to national ...
4 Examples of racial quotas. 5 See also. 6 References. ... Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements or quotas for hiring, promoting, ...
A gender quota is a quota used by countries and parties to increase women's representation or substantive equality based on gender in legislatures. [1] Women are largely underrepresented in parliaments and account for a 26.9% average in parliaments globally. [ 2 ]
Quotas were two-country diplomatic agreements that had the same protective effect as high tariffs, but did not invite retaliation from third countries. By limiting the number of Japanese automobiles that could be imported, quotas inadvertently helped Japanese companies push into larger, and more expensive market segments.
Fleming noted that racial quotas were a zero-sum game, as "discrimination in favor of X is automatic discrimination against Y"; Asians in California, for example, were overrepresented in engineering schools and would suffer if black and Mexican applicants received preferential treatment. He stated that a quota system violated "the American ...
For example, the Quota method of Balinsky and Young satisfies house-monotonicity and upper-quota by construction, and it can be proved that it also satisfies lower-quota. [11] It can be generalized: there is a general algorithm that yields all apportionment methods which are both house-monotone and satisfy both quotas.
The quota share is a specified number or percentage of the allotment as a whole quota, that is prescribed to each individual entity. For example, the United States imposes an import quota on cars from Japan. The Japanese government may see fit to impose a quota share program to determine the number of cars each Japanese car manufacturer may ...
Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers, import quotas and tariffs, and to increase trade of goods and services with each other. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) European Free Trade Association; European Single Market; Union of South American ...