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Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) [b] was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor .
Lord Burghley was the longest-serving minister to Queen Elizabeth I. This is a list of the principal government ministers during the reign of Elizabeth I of England, 1558 to 1603. From the outset of her reign, her chief minister was Sir William Cecil, later Lord Burghley. He died in 1598 and was succeeded by his son Sir Robert Cecil.
1 November: All Hallows or All Saints' Day, followed by All Souls' Day. 17 November: Accession Day or Queen's Day, the anniversary of Queen Elizabeth's accession to the throne, celebrated with lavish court festivities featuring jousting during her lifetime and as a national holiday for dozens of years after her death. [90]
Portrait of Elizabeth I in her coronation robes. Copy c. 1600–1610 of a lost original of c. 1559. [1] The pose echoes the famous portrait of Richard II in Westminster Abbey, the second known portrait of a British sovereign. One of many portraits of its type, with a reversed Darnley face pattern, c. 1585–90, artist unknown
Mary I of England had died without managing to have her preferred successor and first cousin, Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, nominated by parliament.Margaret Douglas was a daughter of Margaret Tudor, and lived to 1578, but became a marginal figure in discussions of the succession to Elizabeth I, who at no point clarified the dynastic issues of the Tudor line. [4]
The Protestant-minded Elizabeth outwardly conformed with Mary, but became the focus of opposition to the increasingly unpopular government. Mary became ill in May 1558 and formally recognised Elizabeth as her heir presumptive on 6 November. Elizabeth was at Hatfield House to the north of London when she was informed of Mary's death on 17 ...
In effect, Elizabeth was declaring that she did not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation. [19] Elizabeth's coronation took place on 15 January 1559 at Westminster Abbey, and there was no elevation during the coronation Mass. [21] The Queen returned to Westminster Abbey on 25 January for the state opening of Parliament.
Elizabeth's physical appearance was vital to the historical event and just at least as important as the actual speech. Dozens of descriptions of Elizabeth on that day exist, with slightly differing details. Similarities between descriptions indicate that she at least wore a plumed helmet and a steel cuirass over a white velvet gown.