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Police officers in plainclothes must identify themselves when using their police powers; however, they are not always required to identify themselves on demand and may lie about their status as a police officer in some situations (see sting operation). Sometimes, police might drive an unmarked vehicle or a vehicle which looks like a taxi. [33]
However, many states have "stop and identify" laws that explicitly require a person detained under the conditions of Terry to identify themselves to police, and in some cases, to provide additional information. Before Hiibel, whether a detainee could be arrested and prosecuted for refusing to disclose their name was an unresolved issue.
If police have such a reasonable suspicion, they are still limited to providing only an opportunity to commit the offence. Inducement of an offence: This form of entrapment occurs when the police go beyond merely providing an opportunity to commit an offence but actually induce the commission of the offense.
But in filings this week, lawyers for the city told the court that although some officers had worked undercover in the past or might wish to do so in the future, "none of these more than 900 Doe ...
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The now-defunct NYPD Street Crime Unit started in 1971. From the late 1970s through the early 1990s, crime in New York City was at record levels. [6] Undercover officers were asked to go into the New York City Subway and other high-risk areas in plain clothes, or dressed as a homeless person or as a decoy for those victimizing at-risk groups.
Less than half of all white cops (45 percent) in New York, by far the nation's largest police force, live within the city's five boroughs. But 77 percent of all black cops live in the city.
It is issued under the belief that any evidence they hope to find may be destroyed between the time that police identify themselves and the time they secure the area, or in the event where there is a large perceived threat to officer safety during the execution of the warrant. Use of no-knock warrants has increased substantially over time.