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On the molecular level, the interlocked molecules cannot be separated without the breaking of the covalent bonds that comprise the conjoined molecules; this is referred to as a mechanical bond. Examples of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures include catenanes, rotaxanes, molecular knots, and molecular Borromean rings.
In chemistry, molecular Borromean rings are an example of a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture in which three macrocycles are interlocked in such a way that breaking any macrocycle allows the others to dissociate. They are the smallest examples of Borromean rings.
Rotaxane synthesis can be carried out via a "capping," "clipping, "slipping" or "active template" mechanism. Synthesis via the capping method relies strongly upon a thermodynamically driven template effect; that is, the "thread" is held within the "macrocycle" by non-covalent interactions, for example rotaxinations with cyclodextrin macrocycles involve exploitation of the hydrophobic effect.
The interlocked rings rotate with respect to one another. This motion can often be evaluated by NMR spectroscopy, among other methods.When molecular recognition motifs exist in the finished catenane (usually those that were used to synthesize the catenane), the catenane can have one or more thermodynamically preferred positions of the rings with respect to each other (recognition sites).
In chemistry, molecular Borromean rings are the molecular counterparts of Borromean rings, which are mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures. In 1997, biologist Chengde Mao and coworkers of New York University succeeded in constructing a set of rings from DNA. [44]
The basic unit of the polycatenane can differ from the relatively simple organic macrocycle. When organic and inorganic building blocks come together, they can form coordination cages (or macromolecular cages) that can interlock with one another to form a polycatenane structure. [17]
A molecular topology is an area in chemistry that involves different mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures. Pages in category "Molecular topology" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total.
In chemistry, a molecular knot is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture that is analogous to a macroscopic knot. [1] Naturally-forming molecular knots are found in organic molecules like DNA , RNA , and proteins .