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Quality audits; Field testing; Costs of failure of control (Costs of non-conformance) Internal failure costs: Arise from defects caught internally and dealt with by discarding or repairing the defective items: Scrap; Rework; Material procurement costs; External failure costs: Arise from defects that actually reach customers: Complaints in warranty
Cost of poor quality (COPQ) or poor quality costs (PQC) or cost of nonquality, are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect. COPQ was popularized by IBM quality expert H. James Harrington in his 1987 book Poor-Quality Cost. [1] COPQ is a refinement of the concept of quality costs.
Quality Management Software is a category of technologies used by organizations to manage the delivery of high-quality products. Solutions range in functionality, however, with the use of automation capabilities they typically have components for managing internal and external risk, compliance, and the quality of processes and products.
Taguchi realized that the best opportunity to eliminate variation of the final product quality is during the design of a product and its manufacturing process. Consequently, he developed a strategy for quality engineering that can be used in both contexts. The process has three stages: System design; Parameter (measure) design; Tolerance design
Quality audit is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal or external quality auditor or an audit team. It is an important part of an organization's quality management system and is a key element in the ISO quality system standard, ISO 9001 .
Internal control, as defined by accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring of an organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and policies. A broad concept, internal control involves everything that controls risks to an organization.
EQA or proficiency testing is different from quality assurance which, in a laboratory setting, is the total process whereby the quality of laboratory results can be guaranteed. This is because relying solely on the lab-internal quality management can create a false sense of safety.
Failure analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause of a failure, often with the goal of determining corrective actions or liability. According to Bloch and Geitner, ”machinery failures reveal a reaction chain of cause and effect… usually a deficiency commonly referred to as the symptom…”. [ 1 ]