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The high profile of the biodiversity hotspots approach has resulted in some criticism. Papers such as Kareiva & Marvier (2003) [21] have pointed out that biodiversity hotspots (and many other priority region sets) do not address the concept of cost, [22] and do not consider phylogenetic diversity. [23]
Biodiversity hotspots across the world Several international organizations focus their conservation work on areas designated as biodiversity hotspots . According to Conservation International , to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot a region must meet two strict criteria:
Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.
Biocultural diversity is defined by Luisa Maffi, co-founder and director of Terralingua, as "the diversity of life in all its manifestations: biological, cultural, and linguistic — which are interrelated (and possibly coevolved) within a complex socio-ecological adaptive system."
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment.The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues, and societal responses to these problems.
Biodiversity is most commonly used to replace the more clearly-defined and long-established terms, species diversity and species richness. [13] However, there is no concrete definition for biodiversity, as its definition continues to be defined. Other definitions include (in chronological order):
An additional 10 hotspots were added subsequently. [24] [25] The concept of biodiversity hotspots designates those areas most important from the point of view of biodiversity, and is of special importance to endemic species. The designated 35 hotspots harbour over 50% of the world's endemic plant species and 42% of all endemic terrestrial ...
In modern times, sacred groves have become biodiversity hotspots, as various species seek refuge in the areas due to progressive habitat destruction and hunting elsewhere. Sacred groves often contain plant and animal species that have become extinct in neighboring areas. They therefore harbor great genetic diversity.