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The American lion (Panthera atrox (/ ˈ p æ n θ ər ə ˈ æ t r ɒ k s /), with the species name meaning "savage" or "cruel", also called the North American lion) is an extinct pantherine cat native to North America during the Late Pleistocene from around 130,000 to 12,800 years ago.
Some authors considered it a subspecies of Panthera spelaea (Panthera spelaea fossilis) or treat it as a distinct species. [17] [18] Some employ a subgenus of Panthera, "Leo", to contain several lion-like members of Panthera, including P. leo, P. spelaea, P. atrox and P. fossilis. [10]
Panthera atrox: North America, 0.13 to 0.013 MYA, with dubious remains in South America. [63] Commonly known as the American lion, P. atrox is thought to have descended from a basal P. spelaea cave lion population isolated south of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, and then established a mitochondrial sister clade circa 200,000 BP. [64]
Cave lions are large extinct carnivorous felids that are classified either as subspecies of the lion (Panthera leo), or as distinct but closely related species, depending on the authority. The subspecies or species known by this name include: Panthera spelaea formerly P. leo spelaea, the Eurasian or European cave lion
The heaviest known pantherine felids are the Ngangdong tiger (Panthera tigris soloensis), which has been estimated to have weighed up to 486 kg (1,071 lb), [179] the extinct leonine Panthera fossilis, which has been estimated to have maximum weight of 400–500 kg (880–1,100 lb), [185] the American lion (Panthera atrox), weighing up to 363 kg ...
The earliest fossils of the P. spelaea lineage (either regarded as the separate species Panthera fossilis or the subspecies P. spelaea fossilis) in Eurasia date to around 700,000 years ago (with possible late Early Pleistocene records). [3] It is closely related and probably ancestral to the American lion (Panthera atrox). [2]
Panthera spelaea lived in Europe after the third Cromerian interglacial stage from about 450,000 to 14,000 years ago. [13] Panthera atrox lived in North America during the Pleistocene and early Holocene about 340,000 to 11,000 years ago. [14] Panthera shawi was a lion-like cat in South Africa that possibly lived in the early Pleistocene. [15]
† Panthera atrox: At least 80 individuals A large pantherine, the American lion is a possible descendent of Eurasian cave lions that had become isolated in North America. [26] This big cat is found much more rarely than the contemporary Smilodon. Within the species itself, more fossil specimens are thought to represent males. [28] Bobcat [29 ...