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The Call Level Interface (CLI or SQL/CLI) is an application programming interface (API) [1] and software standard to embed Structured Query Language code in a host program [2] as defined in a joint standard by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). [3]
A function is a subprogram written to perform certain computations. A scalar function returns only one value (or NULL), whereas a table function returns a (relational) table comprising zero or more rows, each row with one or more columns. Functions must return a value (using the RETURN keyword), but for stored procedures this is not mandatory.
In most coding conventions for these languages, programmers conventionally indent the code within a block, to visually set it apart from the surrounding code. A recursive function named foo, which is passed a single parameter, x, and if the parameter is 0 will call a different function named bar and otherwise will call baz, passing x, and also ...
In the above example, the application might supply the values "bike" for the first parameter and "10900" for the second parameter, and then later the values "shoes" and "7400". The alternative to a prepared statement is calling SQL directly from the application source code in a way that combines code and data.
The SQL/CLI, or Call-Level Interface, is an extension to the SQL standard is defined in SQL:1999 (based on CLI-95), but also available in later editions such as ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003. This extension defines common interfacing components (structures and procedures) that can be used to execute SQL statements from applications written in other ...
A built-in function, or builtin function, or intrinsic function, is a function for which the compiler generates code at compile time or provides in a way other than for other functions. [23] A built-in function does not need to be defined like other functions since it is built in to the programming language. [24]
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
Java, SQL, Python, C++, R: Massive parallel processing (MPP) database incorporating patented engines supporting native SQL, MapReduce, and graph data storage and manipulation; provides a set of analytic function libraries and data visualization [45] TerminusDB: 11.0.6: 2023-05-03 [46] Apache 2: Prolog, Rust, Python, JSON-LD