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A common animal study is repeated dose toxicity testing. The participating species are divided into 4 groups, receiving placebo, low dose, mid-dose and high dose of the drugs respectively. [21] Within the same group, the same dose is given on a daily basis for a specified period, such as 28 days or 90 days. [22]
Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents 409: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents 410: Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study 411: Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study 412: Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study 413
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [1] [2]In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [3]
U.S. Army Public Health Center Toxicology Lab technician assessing samples. Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning.
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
Toxicity class refers to a classification system for pesticides that has been created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization. It addresses the acute toxicity of agents such as soil fumigants , fungicides , herbicides , insecticides , miticides , molluscicides , nematicides , or rodenticides .