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Titanite crystal model. Titanite, or sphene (from Ancient Greek σφηνώ (sphēnṓ) 'wedge'), [5] is a calcium titanium nesosilicate mineral, Ca Ti Si O 5. Trace impurities of iron and aluminium are typically present. Also commonly present are rare earth metals including cerium and yttrium; calcium may be partly replaced by thorium. [6]
Strontium titanate single crystal substrates (5x5x0.5mm). The transparent substrate (left) is pure SrTiO 3 and the black substrate is doped with 0.5% (weight) of niobium. SrTiO 3 is an excellent substrate for epitaxial growth of high-temperature superconductors and many oxide-based thin films.
Barium titanate goes through two phase transitions that change the crystal shape and volume. This phase change leads to composites where the barium titanates have a negative bulk modulus (Young's modulus), meaning that when a force acts on the inclusions, there is displacement in the opposite direction, further stiffening the composite. [9]
Common titanium-containing minerals are anatase, brookite, ilmenite, perovskite, rutile, and titanite (sphene). [27] Akaogiite is an extremely rare mineral consisting of titanium dioxide. Of these minerals, only rutile and ilmenite have economic importance, yet even they are difficult to find in high concentrations.
Calcium titanate is obtained as orthorhombic crystals, more specifically perovskite structure. [3] In this motif, the Ti(IV) centers are octahedral and the Ca 2+ centers occupy a cage of 12 oxygen centres.
This article was reviewed by Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD. Overview. You’re tossing and turning, counting sheep for what seems like forever, and still, sleep won’t come.