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A person receiving a skin allergy test. A microscopic amount of an allergen is introduced to a patient's skin by various means: [1] Skin prick test: pricking the skin with a needle or pin containing a small amount of the allergen. [2] Skin scratch test: a deep dermic scratch is performed with help of the blunt bottom of a lancet. [3]
Commercial laboratories provide a 24-hour urine sample test for 1,4-methyl-imidazolacetic acid, the metabolite of histamine. This test is a valuable tool in assessing the metabolism of histamine in the body, as direct measurement of histamine in the serum has low diagnostic value due to the specificities of histamine metabolism. [48] [49] [50]
Histamine intolerance is a presumed set of adverse reactions (such as flush, itching, rhinitis, etc.) to ingested histamine in food. The mainstream theory accepts that there may exist adverse reactions to ingested histamine, but does not recognize histamine intolerance as a separate medical condition that can be diagnosed. [1]
A nomenclature system has been established for antigens (allergens) that cause IgE-mediated atopic allergies in humans. [2] This nomenclature system is defined by a designation that is composed of the first three letters of the genus; a space; the first letter of the species name; a space and an Arabic number.
Quantitative IgE test results increase the possibility of ranking how different substances may affect symptoms. A rule of thumb is that the higher the IgE antibody value, the greater the likelihood of symptoms. Allergens found at low levels that today do not result in symptoms cannot help predict future symptom development.
A bronchial challenge test is a medical test used to assist in the diagnosis of asthma. [1] The patient breathes in nebulized methacholine or histamine. Thus the test may also be called a methacholine challenge test or histamine challenge test respectively. Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction, or narrowing of the airways.
DAO levels in the blood circulation increase vastly in pregnant women suggesting a protective mechanism against adverse histamine. [12] Histamine is a potent vasodilator and can cause uterine contractions, which can lead to premature labor. DAO in the placenta breaks down histamine to prevent its accumulation and maintain a healthy pregnancy.
The enzyme histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22, HDC) is transcribed on chromosome 15, region q21.1-21.2, and catalyzes the decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine.In mammals, histamine is an important biogenic amine with regulatory roles in neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion and immune response.