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Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO 3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation ( Na + ) and a bicarbonate anion ( HCO 3 − ).
When sucrose is dehydrated, heat is given out to the surroundings in an exothermic reaction, while graphite and liquid water are produced by the decomposition of the sugar: [3] C 12 H 22 O 11 ( s ) + H 2 SO 4 ( aq ) + 1/2 O 2 ( g ) → 11 C ( s ) + CO 2 ( g ) + 12 H 2 O ( g ) + SO 2 ( g )
The bicarbonate ion (hydrogencarbonate ion) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO − 3 and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens.
Many baking cookbooks, especially from Scandinavian countries, may still refer to it as hartshorn or hornsalt, [4] [5] while it is known as "hirvensarvisuola" in Finnish, "hjortetakksalt" or "hornsalt" in Norwegian, "hjortetakssalt" in Danish, "hjorthornssalt" in Swedish, and "Hirschhornsalz" in German (lit., "salt of hart's horn"). Although ...
This compound is a source of carbon dioxide for leavening in baking. It can substitute for baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for those with a low-sodium diet, [4] and it is an ingredient in low-sodium baking powders. [5] [6] As an inexpensive, nontoxic base, it is widely used in diverse application to regulate pH or as a reagent.
Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate, is commonly used in baking to help breads and other baked goods rise, says Melissa Prest, D.C.N., R.D.N., national media spokesperson for the Academy of ...
The Heidelberg test is a medical diagnostic test used in the diagnosis of hypochlorhydria, i.e. insufficient hydrochloric acid in the stomach, hyperchlorhydria, achlorhydria, and for suspected bile reflux.
The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3). The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. [ 1 ]