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Cylinder head porting refers to the process of modifying the intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine to improve their air flow. Cylinder heads, as manufactured, are usually suboptimal for racing applications due to being designed for maximum durability. Ports can be modified for maximum power, minimum fuel consumption, or a ...
Schnuerle porting [1] [2] is a system to improve efficiency of a valveless two-stroke engine by giving better scavenging. The intake and exhaust ports cut in the cylinder wall are shaped to give a more efficient transfer of intake and exhaust gases.
Crossflow cylinder heads are used by most modern 4-stroke engines, whereby the intake ports are located on one side of the combustion chamber and the exhaust ports are on the other side. The momentum of the gases assists in scavenging during the 'overlap' phase (when the intake and exhaust valves are simultaneously open).
The head is machined flat, with recesses only for inlet and exhaust valves, spark plugs, injectors and so on. The combustion chamber itself is contained within a dished depression in the top of the piston. The Heron head is suitable for petrol and diesel engines, for ohv and ohc valve-gear, and for small and large engine displacement capacities.
SOHC design (for a 1973 Triumph Dolomite Sprint) . The oldest configuration of overhead camshaft engine is the single overhead camshaft (SOHC) design. [1] A SOHC engine has one camshaft per bank of cylinders, therefore a straight engine has a total of one camshaft and a V engine or flat engine has a total of two camshafts (one for each cylinder bank).
Schematic single-cylinder T-head engine. A T-head engine is an early type of internal combustion engine that became obsolete after World War I. It is a sidevalve engine distinguished from the more common L-head by its valve placement. In T-head engines, the intake valves are located on one side of the engine block and the exhaust valves on the ...