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The Stöber process is a chemical process used to prepare silica (SiO 2) particles [1] of controllable and uniform size [2] for applications in materials science.It was pioneering [3] when it was reported by Werner Stöber and his team in 1968, [1] and remains today the most widely used wet chemistry synthetic approach to silica nanoparticles. [3]
The first crystalline silicic acid was prepared from the phyllosilicate natrosilite (Na 2 Si 2 O 5) in 1924. More than 15 crystalline acids are known and comprise at least six modifications of H 2 Si 2 O 5. Some acids can adsorb and intercalate organic molecules, and therefore are interesting alternatives to silica. [10]
Orthosilicic acid (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə s ɪ ˈ l ɪ s ɪ k /) is an inorganic compound with the formula Si(O H) 4. Although rarely observed, it is the key compound of silica and silicates and the precursor to other silicic acids [H 2 x SiO x +2 ] n .
Potassium silicate can be synthesized in the laboratory by treating silica with potassium hydroxide, according to this idealized equation: nSiO 2 + 2 KOH → K 2 O·nSiO 2 + H 2 O. These solutions are highly alkaline. Addition of acids causes the reformation of silica. K 2 SiO 3 adopts a chain or cyclic structures with interlinked SiO 2− 3 ...
Each precursor material is examined using the same method. This procedure is repeated until simple or commercially available structures are reached. These simpler/commercially available compounds can be used to form a synthesis of the target molecule. Retrosynthetic analysis was used as early as 1917 in Robinson's Tropinone total synthesis. [1]
x MeCl + Si → Me 3 SiCl, Me 2 SiCl 2, MeSiCl 3, Me 4 Si 2 Cl 2, … Dimethyldichlorosilane (Me 2 SiCl 2) is of particular value (precursor to silicones), but trimethylsilyl chloride (Me 3 SiCl) and methyltrichlorosilane (MeSiCl 3) are also valuable. [5]: 371 The mechanism of the direct process is still not well understood, despite much research.
Organic synthesis is a special type of chemical synthesis dealing with the synthesis of organic compounds. For the total synthesis of a complex product, multiple procedures in sequence may be required to synthesize the product of interest, needing a lot of time. A purely synthetic chemical synthesis begins with basic lab compounds.
Again there is variation in composition: magnesium silicide is represented by Mg 2 Si, [9] calcium silicide can be represented by Ca 2 Si, CaSi, CaSi 2, Ca 5 Si 3 and by Ca 14 Si 19, [10] strontium silicide can be represented by Sr 2 Si, SrSi 2 and Sr 5 Si 3 [11] and barium silicide can be represented by Ba 2 Si, BaSi 2, Ba 5 Si 3 and Ba 3 Si 4 ...