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Extravasation causes serious complications to surrounding tissues with the symptoms of tissue necrosis and skin ulceration. [38] Dexrazoxane is primarily used to treat anthracyclines post-extravasation by acting as a topoisomerase II inhibitor as well as a chelating agent to reduce oxidative stress caused by anthracyclines. [38]
Anthracimycin is a polyketide antibiotic discovered in 2013. Anthracimycin is derived from marine actinobacteria . In preliminary laboratory research, it has shown activity against Bacillus anthracis , [ 1 ] the bacteria that causes anthrax , and against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Early antibiotic treatment of anthrax is essential; delay significantly lessens chances for survival. Treatment for anthrax infection and other bacterial infections includes large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, or penicillin.
Due to its widespread use, common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have developed resistance. In many countries as of 2013, resistance rates among healthcare-associated infections with these pathogens exceeded 20%. [21] [22] Levofloxacin is also used as antibiotic eye drops to prevent bacterial infection.
Anthrax immune globulin, tradename Anthrasil, is a human immune globulin that is used in combination with antibiotics to treat anthrax. [2] It was developed by Cangene and purchased in 2011 by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) under Project Bioshield .
The symptoms in anthrax depend on the type of infection and can take anywhere from 1 day to more than 2 months to appear. All types of anthrax have the potential, if untreated, to spread throughout the body and cause severe illness and even death. [24] Four forms of human anthrax disease are recognized based on their portal of entry.
Symptoms in humans usually begin between one day to one week after exposure, but it may take as many as 60 days for them to present in humans. Symptoms depend on how anthrax enters the body.
If you were exposed to anthrax, you need to take antibiotics immediately—they could save your life. This video shows how anthrax germs make you sick and how antibiotics get rid of the anthrax. You need to take antibiotics before you feel sick and keep taking them for 60 days. In some situations, you may be offered a vaccine for added protection.