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Calculus can form both along the gumline, where it is referred to as supragingival (' above the gum '), and within the narrow sulcus that exists between the teeth and the gingiva, where it is referred to as subgingival (' below the gum '). Calculus formation is associated with a number of clinical manifestations, including bad breath, receding ...
If left untreated, this process may lead to a deepening of the sulcus, recession, destruction of the periodontium, including the bony tooth socket, tooth mobility, and tooth loss. [8] A periodontal pocket is a dental term indicating the presence of an abnormally deepened gingival sulcus.
Gracey curettes are area-specific periodontal curettes made from stainless steel used to remove supra and subgingival calculus. [3] [5] Along with universal curettes, Gracey curettes are one of the main instruments used for scaling and root planing. Gracey curettes are especially ideal for subgingival calculus removal because the design of the ...
The periodontal therapy carried out at this stage is of a non-surgical approach, which is aimed at the removal of supra- and sub-gingival plaque and calculus deposits, to decrease the microbial load, bacteria biofilm, and calculus from the periodontally involved sites. [50] Scale and Polish; Root Surface Debridement (RSD)
Together with periodontal curettes, periodontal scalers are used to remove calculus from teeth. While curettes are often universal in that they can be used on both supra- and sub-gingival calculus removals, scalers are restricted to supra-gingival use. [1] Use of a scaler below the gum line is likely to damage the gingiva (gums). [2]
"About Code of Federal Regulations". Government Publishing Office. 9 March 2017. "A Research Guide to the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations". Law Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C. July 21, 2012. "Report to Congress on the Costs and Benefits of Federal Regulations". Office of Management and Budget. September 30, 1997.
Dental plaque is a biofilm that attaches to tooth surfaces, restorations and prosthetic appliances (including dentures and bridges) if left undisturbed.Understanding the formation, composition and characteristics of plaque helps in its control. [6]
California Building Standards Code; California Green Building Standards Code; National Building Code of Canada; Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007; Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015