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The Tarim Basin, with the Taklamakan Desert, and area of the Tarim mummies ( ) with main burial sites. Sir Aurel Stein in the Tarim Basin, 1910. At the beginning of the 20th century, European explorers such as Sven Hedin, Albert von Le Coq and Sir Aurel Stein all recounted their discoveries of desiccated bodies in their search for antiquities in Central Asia. [14]
The oldest of the Tarim mummies, bodies preserved by the desert conditions, date from 2000 BC and were found on the eastern edge of the Tarim Basin. The mummies have been described as being both "Caucasoid" and "Mongoloid", and mixed-race individuals are also observed. [58] A genetic study of remains from the oldest layer of the Xiaohe Cemetery ...
The Princess of Xiaohe (Chinese: 小河公主) or Little River Princess was found in 2003 at Xiaohe Cemetery in Lop Nur, Xinjiang.She is one of the Tarim mummies, and is known as M11 for the tomb she was found in. Buried approximately 3,800 years ago, she has European and Siberian genes [1] [2] and has white skin and red hair.
Before this discovery, the oldest known deliberate mummy was a child, one of the Chinchorro mummies found in the Camarones Valley, Chile, which dates around 5050 BC. [3] The oldest known naturally mummified human corpse is a severed head dated as 6,000 years old, found in 1936 at the Cueva de las Momias in Argentina.
The Qäwrighul culture is primarily known for its cemeteries. It is considered as the oldest of the Tarim mummies burial sites, going back to 2135–1939 BCE for its lowest layers. [3] The best attested of these are the cemeteries of Qäwrighul itself, in which at least forty-two burials have been uncovered.
Like other mummies from the Tarim, Cherchen Man was buried in a tomb made of mud bricks topped with reeds and brush.The Cherchen man and the other female mummy were placed on multiple branches, with small mats underneath them that reduced the moisture in the tomb, adding to their preservation. [1]
The Yingpan man (Chinese: 营盘美男) is an ancient mummy which was excavated in the Yingpan cemetery located in the northeastern Tarim Basin. The mummy was 1.98m (6 feet 6 inches) tall, and dates to the 4th-5th centuries CE. [1] The deceased was wearing luxurious clothes decorated with Hellenistic motifs. [1] [2] [3] [4]
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