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Kharif crops are usually sown at the beginning of the first rains during the advent of the south-west monsoon season, and they are harvested at the end of monsoon season (October–November). Monsoon sowing dates vary, occurring toward the end of May in the southern state of Kerala and reaching July in some north Indian states.
Jute fibers, composed primarily of cellulose and lignin, are collected from bast (the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the "skin") of plants like kenaf, industrial hemp, flax , and ramie. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown and range from 1–4 meters (3.3–13.1 ft) long.
Rabi crops or the rabi harvest, also known as winter crops, are agricultural crops that are sown in winter and harvested in the spring in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. [1] Complementary to the rabi crop is the kharif crop , which is grown after the rabi and zaid crops are harvested one after another respectively.
Jute fiber being dried in sunlight after natural or microbial retting. Retting is the process of extracting fibers from the tough stem or bast of the bast fiber plants. The available retting processes are: mechanical retting (hammering), chemical retting (boiling & applying chemicals), steam/vapor/dew retting, and water or microbial retting.
Jute mallow or Jew's mallow or Nalita jute (Corchorus olitorius, also known as "Jute leaves", [2] "Tossa jute", "Mloukheyeh" and "West African sorrel") is a species of shrub in the family Malvaceae. Together with C. capsularis it is the primary source of jute fiber.
Kenaf [etymology: Persian], [2] Hibiscus cannabinus, is a plant in the family Malvaceae also called Deccan hemp and Java jute. Hibiscus cannabinus is in the genus Hibiscus and is native to Africa , though its exact origin is unknown. [ 1 ]
Mulukhiyah (Arabic: ملوخية, romanized: mulūkhiyyah), also known as mulukhiyya, molokhiyya, melokhiyya, or ewédú, is a type of jute plant and a dish made from the leaves of Corchorus olitorius, commonly known in English as jute, jute leaves, jute mallow, nalta jute, or tossa jute.
Cotton is grown as an industrial crop in 15% of the nation's land during the monsoon months of April–May, known as the Kharif period, and is grown at a smaller scale between February and April. Pakistan occupied the fourth position among the cotton growers of the world, the first three being India, China and USA.