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Efbemalenograstim alfa, sold under the brand name Ryzneuta, is a medication used to decrease the incidence of infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. [1] It is a leukocyte growth factor. [1] It is given by subcutaneous injection. [1] The most common side effects of efbemalenograstim alfa are nausea, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. [5]
Neutropenia itself is a rare entity, but can be clinically common in oncology [35] and immunocompromised individuals as a result of chemotherapy (drug-induced neutropenia). Additionally, acute neutropenia can be commonly seen from people recovering from a viral infection or in a post-viral state.
The aggressive chemotherapy regimen can lead to long-term side effects such as prolonged anemia, leukocytopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. [11] The use of anthracycline drugs can cause a decrease in cardiac contractility, both short and long term.
Only intravenous administration of the substance yielded positive results, particularly in the treatment of a rare form of cancer – acute promyelocytic leukemia. This therapy is introduced after failure of treatment with retinoids and chemotherapy. [5] The treatment is characterized by relative safety and few side effects.
Depending on what form of treatment is used, adjuvant therapy can have side effects, like all therapy for neoplasms. Chemotherapy frequently causes vomiting, nausea, alopecia, mucositis, myelosuppression particularly neutropenia, sometimes resulting in septicaemia.
Fever and chills are common side effects. [2] [3] Granulocyte transfusions may affect the lungs, causing cough, difficulty breathing, low oxygen levels, and abnormal chest X-rays. [2] These lung complications may potentially be fatal. [3] A review paper found that the frequency of lung-related side effects ranged from 0 to 53 percent. [13]
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