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Traditional Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism. The religious traditions can vary considerably from region to region within Sápmi. Traditional Sámi religion is generally considered to be Animism.
In the Kingdoms of Denmark-Norway, the Sami religion was banned on pain of death as witchcraft. During the 17th-century, the persecution of the followers of Sami religion were more intensely persecuted than before by Christian missionaries, and several Sami were persecuted for sorcery because they practiced the Sami religion. [2]
While they practice a religion based on that of their ancestors, widespread anti-pagan prejudice has caused these shamans to be generally not viewed as part of an unbroken Sámi religious tradition. [ citation needed ] Traditional Sámi beliefs are composed of three intertwining elements: animism, shamanism, and polytheism.
A Sámi drum is a shamanic ceremonial drum used by the Sámi people of Northern Europe. Sámi ceremonial drums have two main variations, both oval-shaped: a bowl drum in which the drumhead is strapped over a burl, and a frame drum in which the drumhead stretches over a thin ring of bentwood.
Akka is a female spirit in Sami shamanism, and Finnish and Estonian mythology. Her worship is common and took the forms of sacrifice, prayer and various other rituals. Some Sámi believe she lived under their tents. As with other gods, her name appears within some geographical names, leaving a legacy of Sami presence.
This holds e. g. for shamanism among Sami groups.Some of their shamanistic beliefs and practice shared important features with those of some Siberian cultures. [5] Some of the Sami yoiks were sung during shamanistic rites,; [6] this memory is conserved also in folklore tales of shamans. [7]
This holds true for the practices of the noaidi among Sami groups. Although the Sami people live outside of Siberia, many of their shamanistic beliefs and practice shared important features with those of some Siberian cultures. [9] The joiks of the Sami were sung on shamanistic rites. [10]
Some of the Sami people's traditional Noaidi beliefs and practices shared important features with those of some Siberian cultures. [12] Some of their joiks were sung during shamanistic rites, [13] and this memory is conserved also in a folklore text (a shaman story). [14]