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Upper air observations are the single most important data set driving a forecast model. Fine-scale regional forecast accuracy is dependent on a representation of the mid and upper-level atmospheric flow, moisture, and wave patterns. If these features are properly analyzed during the model initialization period, then an accurate forecast will ensue.
"Upper-air observations from balloons, from radiosonde instruments attached to balloons, is really one of the best ways we have to get observations," Bradshaw told Wadell.
High-quality, spatially and temporally “continuous” data from upper-air monitoring along with surface observations are critical bases for understanding weather conditions and climate trends and providing weather and climate information for the welfare of societies.
A hydrogen filled balloon at Cambridge Bay Upper Air station, Nunavut, Canada Launch of wiki payload into stratosphere. Weather balloons are launched around the world for observations used to diagnose current conditions as well as by human forecasters and computer models for weather forecasting.
Ahtna, Incorporated, the Alaska Native corporation serving the region of Alaska where the HAARP site is located, was reportedly in talks to take over the facility administration contract from Marsh Creek, LLC. [12] In May 2014, the Air Force announced that the HAARP program would be shut down later in 2014.
The subset of roughly 1000 baseline surface stations became the GCOS Surface Network (GSN), [13] while a subset of 150 upper air stations was designated as the GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN). [14] These were built on existing WMO classifications and became the initial baseline components of the atmospheric networks.
AMDAR transmissions are most commonly used in forecast models as a supplement to radiosonde data, to aid in the plotting of upper-air data between the standard radiosonde soundings at 00Z and 12Z. See also
The virtual temperature of an air parcel is the temperature that dry air would have if its pressure and density were equal to those of a sample of moist air. As a rule of thumb, an atmospheric vertical velocity of 1 m/s (3.3 ft/s) can alter a TV observation by 1.6 °C (2.9 °F).