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Montmartre remained outside of the city limits of Paris until January 1, 1860, when it was annexed to the city along with other communities (faubourgs) surrounding Paris, and became part of the 18th arrondissement of Paris. In 1871, Montmartre was the site of the beginning of the revolutionary uprising of the Paris Commune.
The word gypsum is derived from the Greek word γύψος (gypsos), "plaster". [9] Because the quarries of the Montmartre district of Paris have long furnished burnt gypsum (calcined gypsum) used for various purposes, this dehydrated gypsum became known as plaster of Paris. Upon adding water, after a few dozen minutes, plaster of Paris becomes ...
Before Haussmann, most buildings in Paris were made of brick or wood and covered with plaster. Haussmann required that the buildings along the new boulevards be either built or faced with cut stone, usually the local cream-colored Lutetian limestone , which gave more harmony to the appearance of the boulevards.
Gypsum plaster, [12] also known as plaster of Paris, [13] is a white powder consisting of calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The natural form of the compound is the mineral bassanite . [ 14 ] [ 15 ]
February – Creation of the position of the Lieutenant-General of the King for the government of Paris. The first to hold the title is Jean-Baptiste Le Ragois de Bretonvilliers de Saint-Dié. 1693 20 October – During a bread shortage, the city authorities distribute bread to the poor. The effort ends in a riot, with many killed. 1697
Paris suffered greatly during the wars of religion of the 16th century; a third of the Parisians fled, many houses were destroyed, and the grand projects of the Louvre, the Hôtel de Ville, and the Tuileries Palace were unfinished. Henry IV took away the independence of the city government and ruled Paris directly through royal officers.
While working in Haarlem at the military hospital in 1851, Mathijsen first used plaster of Paris as a bandage. [1] Until then a Belgian method was used with starch that took up to a day to dry and harden. [1] Across the street he watched workers repairing cracks in the church with strips of jute dunked in plaster of Paris.
The private houses of the wealthy were often built of stone, but the great majority of houses in Paris were built of wood beams and plaster. Plaster was abundant thanks to the gypsum mines of Montmartre, and its widespread use prevented large-scale fires of the kind that destroyed many medieval neighborhoods. The interiors were covered with ...