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The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). [1] However, pI is also used. [2] For brevity, this article uses pI.
In computational biology, protein pK a calculations are used to estimate the pK a values of amino acids as they exist within proteins.These calculations complement the pK a values reported for amino acids in their free state, and are used frequently within the fields of molecular modeling, structural bioinformatics, and computational biology.
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The two dimensions that proteins are separated into using this technique can be isoelectric point, protein complex mass in the native state, or protein mass. [citation needed] The separation by isoelectric point is called isoelectric focusing. Thereby, a pH gradient is applied to a gel and an electric potential is applied across the gel, making ...
Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by differences in their isoelectric point (pI). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a type of zone electrophoresis usually performed on proteins in a gel that takes advantage of the fact that overall charge on the molecule of interest is a function of the ...
Pauling's second rule is that the value of the first pK a for acids of the formula XO m (OH) n depends primarily on the number of oxo groups m, and is approximately independent of the number of hydroxy groups n, and also of the central atom X. Approximate values of pK a are 8 for m = 0, 2 for m = 1, −3 for m = 2 and < −10 for m = 3. [28]
The pzc is the same as the isoelectric point (iep) if there is no adsorption of other ions than the potential determining H + /OH − at the surface [clarification needed]. [8] This is often the case for pure ("pristine surface") oxides in suspension in water. In the presence of specific adsorption, pzc and isoelectric point generally have ...
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