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The Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Technical Manual explains that ablative armor works in two stages: When the shields are hit by an energy or particle weapon, thermal energy from the ship is dissipated across the hull. The boil-off rate creates a particle cloud that is dense enough to disperse the incoming beam's energy.
AVCOAT was used for the heat shield on NASA's Apollo command module. [4] In its final Apollo form, this material was called AVCOAT 5026–39. Although AVCOAT was not used for the Space Shuttle orbiters, NASA again used the material for its Orion spacecraft [5] first for the initial Orion test and then for a different type of heat shield for the later Orions.
The key difference between a heat shield and insulating the pipe, through either wrapping or thermal coating, is the air gap that exists between the exhaust and the shield. More recently technology has become available to apply ceramic thermal barrier coatings onto flexible aluminium in order to increase the thermal insulatory properties.
The torch melts the coating material and the top layer of the component material; fusing them together. Due to the high heat of spray and fuse, some heat distortion may occur, and care must be taken to determine if a component is a good candidate. These high temperatures are akin to those used in welding.
The key to a reusable shield against this type of heating is very low-density material, similar to how a thermos bottle inhibits convective heat transfer. [citation needed] Some high-temperature metal alloys can withstand reentry heat; they simply get hot and re-radiate the absorbed heat.
In buildings, the radiant heat flow between two internal surfaces (or a surface and a person) is influenced by the emissivity of the heat emitting surface and by the view factor between this surface and the receptive surface (object or person) in the room. [38] Thermal (longwave) radiation travels at the speed of light, in straight lines. [9]