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Chlorine perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Cl 2 O 4. This chlorine oxide is an asymmetric oxide, with one chlorine atom in +1 oxidation state and the other +7, with proper formula ClOClO 3. It is produced by the photodimerization of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) at room temperature by 436 nm ultraviolet light: [2] [3] [4] 2ClO 2 ...
Lead perchlorate trihydrate is produced by the reaction of lead(II) oxide, lead carbonate, or lead nitrate by perchloric acid: . Pb(NO 3) 2 + HClO 4 → Pb(ClO 4) 2 + HNO 3. The excess perchloric acid was removed by first heating the solution to 125 °C, then heating it under moist air at 160 °C to remove the perchloric acid by converting the acid to the dihydrate.
Although thermodynamically a mild reductant, Fe 2+ ion exhibits a stronger trend to remain coordinated by water molecules to form the corresponding hexa-aquo complex in solution. The high activation energy of the cation binding with perchlorate to form a transient inner sphere complex more favourable to electron transfer considerably hinders ...
The chlorate ion cannot be satisfactorily represented by just one Lewis structure, since all the Cl–O bonds are the same length (1.49 Å in potassium chlorate [1]), and the chlorine atom is hypervalent. Instead, it is often thought of as a hybrid of multiple resonance structures:
The chlorite ion adopts a bent molecular geometry, due to the effects of the lone pairs on the chlorine atom, with an O–Cl–O bond angle of 111° and Cl–O bond lengths of 156 pm. [1] Chlorite is the strongest oxidiser of the chlorine oxyanions on the basis of standard half cell potentials. [2]
2 PbCl 2 + 4 RMgBr → R 4 Pb + Pb + 4 MgBrCl 3 PbCl 2 + 6 RMgBr → R 3 Pb-PbR 3 + Pb + 6 MgBrCl [12] These reactions produce derivatives that are more similar to organosilicon compounds, i.e. that Pb(II) tends to disproportionate upon alkylation. PbCl 2 can be used to produce PbO 2 by treating it with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), forming a ...
The chloride of this oxidation state is formed only with difficulty and decomposes readily into lead(II) chloride and chlorine gas. The bromide and iodide of lead(IV) are not known to exist. [3] Lead dioxide dissolves in alkali hydroxide solutions to form the corresponding plumbates. [2] PbO 2 + 2 OH − + 2 H 2 O → Pb(OH) 2− 6
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.