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Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan.
Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
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Al-Irshad (Persian: ارشاد), also called the Book of Guidance into the Lives of the 12 Imams, [1] is a biography of the lives of the 12 Shia Imams. It describes their historical circumstances, miracles and virtues. [2] The book also includes evidence for Imamates among Shia.
According to the Hadith of the Twelve Successors, Muhammad said that the Islamic leadership is in Quraysh (i.e. his tribe) and that 12 "imams" (also called "princes" or "caliphs") shall succeed him. [35] [36] [37] Twelver Shias believe in twelve imams. They believe eleven of the imams were killed but that the twelfth imam is still alive.
The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, [7] as the imperial authority rapidly transitioned into the hands of the Turks, [8] particularly after al-Mutawakkil. [ 9 ] Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition. [ 12 ]
Their 12 imams refer to 12 ministerial roles during the Alian religious ceremony, and they are hence different from those of Twelver Shiism. They believe the Quran was compiled by Salman al-Farsi, whom they hold in high esteem. Their tafsir of the Quran is based on harmony between the 4 books (Quran, the Old Testament, the New Testament, and ...
The Life of Imam Muhammad Al-Jawad. Ansariyan Publications. ISBN 978-964-438-653-4. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Rayshahri, M. Muhammadi (12 January 2008). The scale of wisdom: a compendium of Shi'a Hadith. ICAS Press. ISBN 978-1-904063-34-6. Rizvi, Sayyid Saeed Akhtar (1988). Imamate: The vicegerency of the Holy Prophet. Bilal ...