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The M1841 12-pounder field howitzer was a bronze smoothbore muzzle-loading artillery piece that was adopted by the United States Army in 1841 and employed during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War.
In the period before the Civil War, a U.S. Army light artillery battery was organized with four M1841 6-pounder field guns and two M1841 12-pounder howitzers. [1] The field gun fired solid iron cannon balls in a flat trajectory to smash its targets [2] while the howitzer was designed to lob hollow shells into massed formations or fortifications. [3]
Pre-war allocations called for 6-pounder field guns matched with 12-pounder howitzers, 9 and 12-pounder field guns matched with 24-pounder howitzers. But the rapid expansions of both combatant armies, mass introduction of rifled artillery, and the versatility of the 12-pounder "Napoleon" class of weapons all contributed to a change in the mixed ...
The M1841 mountain howitzer was a mountain gun used by the United States Army during the mid-nineteenth century, from 1837 to about 1870. It saw service during the Mexican–American War of 1847–1848, the American Indian Wars , and during the American Civil War , 1861–1865 (primarily in the more rugged western theaters ).
Canon obusier de 12, French 12-pounder cannon-howitzer of 1853. Known in the US as "12 pounder Napoleon" M1841 12-pounder howitzer, American howitzer having the same caliber (4.62 inches) as a 12-pounder field gun; One of the Dahlgren guns of the American Civil War; Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7 cwt, British field gun, 1885–1892
The most famous of these "gun-howitzers" was the Napoleon 12-pounder, a weapon of French design that was extensively used in the American Civil War. [20] 12-pound Napoleon at the Colorado State Capitol Nineteenth-century 12-pounder (5 kg) mountain howitzer displayed by the National Park Service at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, United States
World War II 120: 120 mm howitzer Model 1901 German Empire: Balkan wars, World War I, Finnish Civil War, Hungarian–Romanian War: 120: 120 mm Krupp howitzer M1905 German Empire: World War I 120: Type 38 12 cm howitzer Empire of Japan: World War I 120: Obusier de 120 mm modèle 1890 France: World War I 120: Obusier de 120 mm C mle 1897 ...
Prior to the war, the U.S. Army had a variety of iron smoothbore siege guns (12-pounders, 18-pounders and 24-pounders) and howitzers (24-pounder and 8-inch) (Gibbon 1863, pp. 54–59). None of these pieces were used during the war as siege artillery. The advent of rifled artillery made them obsolete.